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Regardless of numerous efforts to define data, knowledge, and information, there are still some uncertainties and lack of clarity regarding what these three things are and the relationships that exist between them. While many descriptions of the three are relevant, most of these definitions are far from providing the clear picture of what the three really are. However, there are considerable differences between data, knowledge, and information though they have some relationships between them. The main relationship is that data is described in relation to information, information defined on the basis of data and knowledge, and knowledge explained in terms of information.
The differences between data, knowledge, and information can be explained in terms of their basic definitions, purposes, and how each is formed. Under definitions, data can be described as basic, unprocessed, and unfiltered information whereas information is described as more developed data that has evolved to a useful form for some analysis (Liew, 2007). In contrast, knowledge is considered as the application of human insight and experience to data and information. In some cases, data is defined as elements of analysis while information is contextualized data and knowledge is meaningful information.
In relation to their purposes, data is used in efforts to capture the real events, the actual picture, and document activities or situations. Therefore, the main function of data can be considered as for the historical...
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